منابع مشابه
External Financing Method: Financing through Debt and Stock Issuance
Countries need short, medium, and long-term investment plans for production growth and development. Different sources for these investments can be supplied through retained profit, stock issuance, and bank loans, or a combination them. Institutions and firms need huge amount of capitals for their survival, production, and also development of activities. In addition, these institutions and firms...
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Access to external finance, such as bank loans or trade credit, is a key determinant of a firm’s ability to develop, operate, and expand. Economic researchers have studied how various macroeconomic and microeconomic factors influence such access; for example, it has been shown to depend on the macroeconomic environment, since economic downturns tend to limit firms’ ability to borrow and banks’ ...
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This paper examines access to external financing in the privatization context and provides new evidence on the effects of financing constraints on performance and investment. Ownership reforms increase firms’ reliance on external financing. Empirically, performance and investment changes around ownership reforms are increasing in country-level measures of access to credit. The presence of a sev...
متن کاملLower Bounds for Approximate LDCs
We study an approximate version of q-query LDCs (Locally Decodable Codes) over the real numbers and prove lower bounds on the encoding length of such codes. A q-query (α, δ)approximate LDC is a set V of n points in R so that, for each i ∈ [d] there are Ω(δn) disjoint q-tuples (u1, . . . ,uq) in V so that span(u1, . . . ,uq) contains a unit vector whose i’th coordinate is at least α. We prove ex...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Intereconomics
سال: 1972
ISSN: 0020-5346,1613-964X
DOI: 10.1007/bf02929869